Makes sounds like cooing, gurgling, sighing, and grunting
Cries differently for different needs
Exhibits startle response to loud noises
Recognizes primary caregiver’s voice and will quiet when they hear it
Increases or decreases sucking behavior in response to sound
3 to 6 Months
Babbles, squeals, and makes speck like sounds such as “b” and “m”
Blows raspberries
Chuckles and laughs
Squeals and partakes in “vocal play”
6 to 9 Months
Copies sounds or gestures
Responds to name
Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure
May begin to use gestures and vocalizations to communicate (reaching out, waving, putting hands up to indicate “up”)
9 to 12 Months
Recognizes common words (cup, juice, shoe)
Can say one or two-syllable words (bye-bye, mama, dada)
Responds to simple requests (come here)
Begins to use more adult-like intonation like a question or exclamation
Searches for common objects or family members when named
12 to 24 Months
Uses some 2-word questions (Where kitty? Go bye-bye? What’s that?)
Can point to some body parts when asked
Points to pictures in a book when named
Follows simple commands (roll the ball, kiss the baby, where’s your shoe?)
Says “no” often
2 to 3 Years Old
Uses 2-3 word sentences to talk about or ask for things
Speech is understood by familiar listeners most of the time
Understands and answers simple questions (who, what, where, why)
Repeats simple rhymes and songs
3 to 5 Years Old
Hears you when you call from another room
Uses sentences that have 4 or more words
80% understandable to both familiar and unfamiliar listeners by age 3
5 Years and Older
Can pay attention to short story and answer questions about it
Hears and understands most of what is said at home and at school
Uses sentences that give more detail (I like to read my books)
Communicates easily with other children and adults
Birth to 3 Months
Able to lift or raise head from surface when lying on tummy
Reaches for or grasps toys, rattles, or hair
Brings hand to mouth
3 to 6 Months
Turns head and moves eyes to voices or sounds
Rolls over front-to-back and back-to-front
Holds toys, puts toys in mouth, and can help hold the bottle during feeding.
Looks from one object to another
6 to 9 Months
Moves toys from one hand to the other hand
Can sit unassisted for five minutes
Starts to crawl by pulling self up and kicking legs
Tries to get an object out of reach
Holds a small toy in each hand
Bangs toys together at the center of the body
9 to 12 Months
Grabs small objects with thumb and index finger
Able to crawl, pull up on furniture, and take some steps without assistance
Can drink from a cup with help
Pushes/rolls a ball
Tears paper
Holds arms and legs out for dressing
Removes socks
12 to 24 Months
Walks alone without assistance and can keep balance when stepping off objects
Can throw a small ball, scribble on paper, and use a spoon with some success
Completes 1-3 piece puzzle or form board
Uses one hand more than the other
Turns hand to screw lids on/off
Zips and unzips zippers
Stacks small block towers
2 to 3 Years Old
Can walk, jump with both feet, and show improvement at running
Able to kick and throw a ball
Able to walk up and down steps with alternate feet while holding someone’s hand (independently by age 3)
Grasps pencil with thumb and index
Washes hands
Imitates drawing vertical and horizontal lines
Undresses with help for fasteners
Kicks a ball with either foot
Simple sorting of objects (color, shape, size)
Puts on shoes (may have the wrong foot)
3 to 5 Years Old
Able to cut paper into 2 pieces, trace lines, and unbutton buttons
Can pedal and steer tricycle
Completes a 4-5 piece puzzle
Buttons and unbuttons medium sized buttons
Dresses and undresses without much help
Brushes own teeth
5 Years and Older
Learning to ride a two-wheeled bicycle
Able to skip, run, gallop, and stop
Able to engage in tumbling, swimming, singing, and ball games
Birth to 3 Months
Follows moving toys or faces with their eyes
Responds to loud noises
Looks at caregiver with interest
Responds to a smile with a smile
3 to 6 Months
Pays attention to music
Notices toys that make sounds
6 to 9 Months
Likes to play peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake
Waves bye
Lets go of objects intentionally
Plays peek-a-boo
Engages with reflection in the mirror
9 to 12 Months
Cooperates with dressing activities
Follows a ball while it is rolling slowly
Finds a toy after watching you hide it under a cloth
12 to 24 Months
Likes to pretend play
Recognizes self in mirror
2 to 3 Years Old
Can follow 2-step directions (Get the book and put it on the table)
Puts their clothes on by themselves (3 years old)
Can take turns in games
3 to 5 Years Old
Talks about activities at school or at friends homes
Bathes self (4-5 years old)
5 Years and Older
Tells stories and sticks to the topic
Has friends and a social group at school, neighborhood, and outside activities
Chooses own clothing
Can make a sandwich and can assist with house chores
These high quality research based resources offer a mix of practical advice, tools, and strategies to support children’s growth and ensure families can further access the care and services they need.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Developmental Milestones and Early Intervention
Guidance on tracking developmental milestones and accessing early intervention services.